F major / A minor modality

Mad Rush vacillates throughout between F major and A minor in a modal manner, so that the listener is never certain which is the true tonic until the final bars resolve to A minor.

Avoid implying a clear tonic at phrase beginnings. Let both F and A feel equally plausible as home; the ambiguity is the point. The chant-like bass theme that bookends the work provides the only clear grounding.