Sturm und Drang
German era
Definition
Storm and Stress — a pan-European literary and musical movement of the 1760s–70s characterised by intense emotional turbulence, minor keys, dramatic dynamic contrasts, and agitated textures. Haydn's \"Sturm und Drang\" symphonies and CPE Bach's late sonatas are the keyboard equivalent.
Interpretive Guidance
In Sturm und Drang passages, allow full dynamic range from pp to ff; sudden sforzandi should land with conviction. Turbulent semiquaver passages benefit from a lean, rhythmically driven touch rather than smoothness.