Air de danse, Op. 34

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Musical Terms (2)

• Kalevala Finnish
  The Finnish national epic, compiled by Elias Lönnrot from oral folk poetry and published in 1835 and 1849. The Kalevala provided Sibelius with subjects for several of his major orchestral works (Kullervo, the Lemminkäinen Suite, Pohjola's Daughter). Its influence on his piano music is indirect but palpable in the Finnish-nature imagery of Op.75 (The Trees) and the introspective character of Op.41 (Kyllikki).
  The Kalevala's influence in Sibelius's piano music is atmospheric rather than programmatic. The Trees (Op.75) and the Esquisses (Op.114) are not illustrative — they absorb the Finnish landscape into pure musical character. Understanding the epic context helps explain why even the simplest of these pieces carry a sense of deep cultural weight.
• Nordic tone English
  The characteristic sound world of Finnish and Scandinavian Romantic music — austere, harmonically ambiguous, with a gravity and inwardness associated with the Nordic landscape. In Sibelius's piano music, the Nordic tone is most audible in the Three Sonatinas (Op.67), where tonal centres are deliberately obscured and the textures are bare rather than rich.
  Nordic tone does not mean cold or uninvolved — it means internally intense. The Piano Sonata and Sonatinas are filled with strong feeling, but that feeling is contained, not displayed. Avoid expressive exaggeration; the quietness is the expression.